Biomedical applications of 2D monoelemental materials formed by group VA and VIA: a concise review

Table 1 Summary of Xene synthesis method

Periodic Table group	Element	2D form	Morphology	Synthesis methods	Refs
VA	P	Phosphorene	Nanosheets and quantum dots	Mechanical cleavage, ultrasonic exfoliation, electrochemical stripping, plasma-assisted process Other top-down methods, MBE,CVD, Solvent-thermal method	[48,49,50,51,52, 65, 68, 71, 72, 74, 80, 86, 87]
VA	As	Arsenene	Nanosheets and Nanodots	Ultrasonic exfoliation, electrochemical stripping, plasma-assisted process, Other top-down methods	[55, 62, 69, 73]
VA	Sb	Antimonene	Nanosheets and quantum dots	Mechanical cleavage, ultrasonic exfoliation, electrochemical stripping, plasma-assisted process, Other top-down methods, MBE, Vander Waals extension	[26, 50, 56, 67, 70, 73, 75, 89]
VA	Bi	Bismuthene	Nanosheets and quantum dots	Ultrasonic exfoliation, Other top-down methods, MBE, Wet chemistry	[57, 73, 78, 90]
VIA	Se	Selenene	Nanosheets	Ultrasonic exfoliation	[58]
VIA	Te	Tellurene	Nanosheets and quantum dots	Ultrasonic exfoliation, MBE, Solvent-thermal method, thermal evaporation	[59, 79, 88, 91]

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